3D printing contains many new terms, the most common of which you can find in this article.

.3mf	⮕	format for the most efficient saving of objects, it is also possible to save print settings, object texture, and others.
.dxf/.svg/.cdr	⮕	formats containing vector graphics, drawings, or curves for a specific program.
.obj	⮕	a format similar to .stl, but it is also possible to save the object's texture (not crucial for Slicer).
.step/.stp/.f3d/ .blend/.scad/.mtl/.skp	⮕	formats containing an editable 3D object for a specific program.
.stl	⮕	a format that contains the desired model stored in small triangles, with a large number of triangles. The file takes up more space but is more detailed.
3D Printer	⮕	A device that can create a 3D object and materialize it from a computer model in various sizes, colors and materials. The most common is the FDM printer, which applies a fused filament.
3D Scanner	⮕	Used to create a model from a real object for further duplication with a 3D printer.
Acceleration	⮕	Acceleration of motor movement.
Adhesion	⮕	adhesion.
Arduino	⮕	A tiny single-board computer into which you do not connect a monitor or a keyboard or mouse. However, it can be programmed for a variety of uses.
Bridging	⮕	Used for a short crossing between two distant points, and thus the extruded string becomes only a slightly sagging bridge. Supports must be used for larger distances or overhangs.
Brim	⮕	An auxiliary first layer that extends beyond the printed object to better hold it on the substrate. It is used for small objects or materials with more significant shrinkage. The auxiliary edge of the printed object improves adhesion to the substrate.
Card reader/ USB/RJ45port	⮕	Reads data from a memory card, usb or ethernet in .gcode format.
Carriage	⮕	A part of the printer that ensures the linear movement of the extruder or pad. They are mostly RepRap printers.
Core XY	⮕	Printers where the print head moves in the X and Y directions, and the Z axis moves only up and down. The printing pad does not move back and forth on a toothed belt as it does with printers of the Průša type.
Deceleration	⮕	Slowing down the movement of the motor.
Extruder	⮕	is one of the main parts of the printer, which takes care of material extrusion. It consists of a motor and a toothed feed wheel that pushes or pushes the filament into the Hot-End, where extrusion is performed.
Extrusion	⮕	Is the extrusion of molten material, where the temperature and the type of filament matter.
Fan	⮕	Cools the print in the place where it was applied by the nozzle a while ago, and thus, the layer cools in that place. The press fan is not used for some materials or only for a few percent. The full power of the print fan is used when bypassing.
Filament	⮕	A printing string that, by melting it and accurately applying it according to the program, creates the desired 3D print. The filament is most often made of plastic material, which differs from each other in its properties and use. The most common materials for 3D printing are PLA, PETG, ABS, TPE, NYLON, etc. The filament can also contain composite materials that improve the properties of the given material. Iron, copper, bronze, wood, sequins, etc. are used as a composite. Nowadays, the diameter of 1.75 mm is mainly used, which heats up better than the previous diameter of 2.90 mm, saving energy and not unnecessarily generating too much heat.
Firmware	⮕	A program used to control the printer and its interface. Different versions are released for the firmware with different settings and new features and improvements. For Prusa printers, the firmware is updated via PrusaSlicer, a program for slicing.
First layer	⮕	It is the most important of all layers because it holds the print in place throughout the printing process. Adhesion to the mat may increase when using a collar.
G-code	⮕	A written code program that controls the printer. It controls the temperatures and displacement of the extruder and stepper motors.
Heat-bed	⮕	The flat heated part of the printer, on which there is a printing pad, which is usually heated to keep the print in place at all times. It is most often made of aluminum. The pad contains a heated part over the entire surface of the bed and a thermistor that maintains a stable set temperature.
Heat-Block	⮕	or a heating block is a block of material, most often in the shape of a cuboid or square, made of aluminum, copper, or other material that conducts heat well. The function of this component is to supply the necessary heat to the nozzle through the heating element while maintaining it at the required temperature with the help of a thermistor to achieve uniform extrusion of the material.
Heat-Break	⮕	is a mechanical component whose task is to separate the heat generated in the Heat-Block from the incoming filament so that it does not start to melt before it is needed.
Heater	⮕	This device is often shaped like a roller made of plated ceramics with two power wires. Its role is to heat the heat block or pad to the required temperature. We often encounter a heating element with a power of 40W powered from the base plate.
Heat-sink	⮕	is screwed onto the Heat-Break and removes excess heat with the help of a fan. It is most often made of aluminum, copper, or other heat-conducting material. It primarily contains a temperature-resistant PTFE tube through which the filament is guided.
Hot-End	⮕	It is one of the essential components of a 3D printer. It is the part where the filament melts and turns into a thinner "fiber," which is vast according to the nozzle used, from which the resulting model is printed. It consists of a nozzle, a Heat-Block, a Heat-Break, and a heat-sink. Hot-Ends are all-metal or with a PTFE tube.
Infill	⮕	Infill is used so that the printed object does not have to be full and material is not wasted. Many types of filling save material time and give the object the necessary internal stability and strength.
Ironing	⮕	it is a function in the slicer, where the nozzle runs on a flat surface and tries to smooth it as much as possible to make it as lovely as possible. Ironing is very time-consuming and can only be used on flat surfaces.
Layer	⮕	after slicing, the 3D model is divided into individual horizontal layers of the same height, which are then printed on top of each other, and the desired object is created. The height of the layer depends on the diameter of the nozzle. They are usually from 0.05mm-1mm in size. The layer heights are then visible on the perimeters.
Marlin	⮕	Open source firmware primarily designed for FDM-type 3D printers based on the RepRap project using the Arduino platform.
MB-MotherBoard	⮕	Just like a computer, 3D printers have a motherboard that displays the necessary information on the display and sends instructions to motors and heating elements. A power source powers the motherboard.
Nozzle	⮕	A small metal part with a thread and a tapering tip through which the molten filament flows. Nozzles are most often produced with a tip diameter of 0.2 to 1 mm. The diameter of the nozzle tip determines the speed and accuracy of the printed model. A nozzle with a diameter of 0.2 mm is used for printing small and detailed objects. As standard, a nozzle with a diameter of 0.4 is used, which you most likely already received from the factory from printer manufacturer. Nozzles 0.6 and 0.8 are most often used for materials that contain additives, such as metals, wood, or sequins, to prevent the nozzle from clogging with composite material. The 1mm nozzle is used for rapid prototyping, regardless of detail. Printing with such a large nozzle can speed up printing by several percent. Most often, nozzles are made of brass. Hardened nozzles are recommended for use on materials with composites where the material contained in the filament can. Hardened nozzles are made of titanium, steel, or fitted with a ruby tip, which wears very little but is prone to shattering or tearing out the ruby. Different nozzle manufacturers use different types of construction and types of threads, so before buying a new nozzle, check which nozzle with which thread you need for your printer.
Octoprint	⮕	Web interface for remote print and printer management. It displays the status and key parameters of the printers and allows the user to schedule printing and control the printer remotely. The printer can also be monitored remotely with a webcam and can be paused or turned off if necessary.
Open Source	⮕	Open source computer software or hardware that anyone can modify to suit their needs. Prusa printers are an example of open source.
Perimeter	⮕	These are the visible exterior walls of the building. The rest of the model is filled.
Post-Processing	⮕	Processing of the product after printing for a better result - cleaning, sanding, varnishing, or coloring.
Power source	⮕	To connect the printers to a regular network, we need a power source that converts 220V/110V AC to 12V/24V DC, on which 3D printers most often work.
PTFE Tube	⮕	serves to guide the filament from the extruder to the nozzle. The PTFE tube is temperature resistant with a slippery inner diameter of 1.75 or 2.9 mm. PTFE tube is used in short and long (bowden and direct drive) extruders. The capricorn tube, which has the same use but is slightly more expensive, has better properties.
Pulley	⮕	A gear-like device attached to the motor shaft that is used to drive the carriage with a belt.
Raft	⮕	the function of forcing the object to be printed on the support.
RepRap	⮕	This is a community Open-Source project dealing with the creation of self-replicating 3D printers.
Retraction	⮕	is a movement when the stepper motor on the extruder "pulls up" the filament from the Hot-End, mostly to prevent the flow of material from the nozzle when moving to another position, where the nozzle starts printing again. Some materials during this movement can leave thin fibers of material at the point of crossing, so-called stringing.
Seam	⮕	Where the nozzle starts and ends, making perimeters and moving to the next perimeter or layer. It leaves a small seam at the point of departure where it just finished printing. We recommend aligning the seam and placing it behind the printed object, so it is as little visible as possible.
Skirt	⮕	Serves to equalize the pressure in the nozzle. The nozzle will make a circle around the printed object at a certain distance, and this will equalize the pressure in the nozzle, and the model can start to be printed.
Slicer	⮕	A program that slices the model into thin layers on the computer and generates g.code that then controls the printer. Models are often still created in .stl, .obj, or .3mf format, which is not readable by the printer, and therefore a slicer must be used.
Slicing	⮕	The process when a 3D model is cut into individual layers.
Stepper motor	⮕	An electronic component that takes care of the most accurate movement in the XYZ axes. Each axis has one or more motors. The motors rotate in small steps forwards and backward, bringing the nozzle to the exact position in the space according to the g.code. The stepper motor is also located on the extruder, where it moves the filament to the Hot-End with a toothed wheel on its shaft and performs the so-called retraction.
Stringing	⮕	is usually pulling a slightly cooled string through a nozzle and occurs when passing between two objects. Some materials string more, some less, or not at all. Most can be influenced by setting the correct temperatures, retraction length, and print fan.
Support	⮕	3D printing has a problem when printing overhangs or bridges that are too long. In such cases, so-called supports must be used on the model to make the resulting model as beautiful as possible. Several types of supports are created where they are needed, directly in the slicer.
Thermistor	⮕	An electronic component that measures the temperature of the Hot-End or the pad and sends the information to the base plate, which then evaluates when to heat the heating element.
Timing belt	⮕	It is used to move individual axes and convert circular motion from stepper motors to linear motion using a pulley.
X-axis	⮕	The axis determines the print head's right and left movement.
Y-axis	⮕	The axis that determines the backward and forward movement of the print head.
Z-axis	⮕	The axis that determines the up and down movement of the print head.